Day 166 Geology 6 x 6

May 24, 2012 Day 166

Math: 2 pages—calculating measurements

Latin: Review Chapters 1 & 2

Field Trip Report: Joshua Chamberlain house—delayed until next week when the house is open

Geology of the Eastern Coast 6 x6 THREE
pages bottom of page 36-41
6 Vocabulary
1. paleoliquefaction: Evidence of liquefaction that has occurred in the past
2. fossil fuels: oil, natural gas, and coal, which are natural fuels that formed a long time ago from the remains of living organisms
3. carbon: an element found in all living things
4. horizontal drilling: drilling for oil and gas where the well is horizontal or very close to horizontal
5. hydraulic fracturing or “fracking”: a process where liquids are pumped down a well at high pressure to fore the surrounding rock to fracture or crack
6. raw material: a material that can be used to make a new or useful project

6 Sentences
1. Paleoliquefaction shows that liquefaction has happened; liquefaction is when soil flows like liquid which usually happens after a big earthquake.
2. The Eastern Coast has a lot of fossil fuels because there were a lot of little organisms over here that later became fossil fuel.
3. Coal is mostly made of carbon and it can be burned to make electricity.
4. When drilling, drillers first drill vertically and then turn horizontal and use the horizontal drilling method.
5. After the horizontal drilling method is completed, the drillers use the hydraulic fracturing technique where high pressure is used to “frack” the shale and release natural gas.
6. Natural gas is used for many different things, it can be burned to create electricity and used as a raw material.

6 Facts/ Details
1. The USGS shows earthquakes in the United States for the last seven days on its web site
2. Stalagmites are a clue of big earthquakes; we saw stalagmites on the “ceiling” of the cave we were in on the walk to Ruby Falls.
3. There is a town in Pennsylvania that was burned out of existence the land beneath the town started burning in 1962 when a fire started near an abandoned coal mine, the coal must have started the fire since the miners did not extract all of the coal.
4. The first natural gas well from shale in the United States was in New York, in 1821
5. Unlike more recent drilling, drilling in shale, shale wells in 1821 were shallow
6. Oil was first pumped from a well on August 27, 1859

6 Questions
1. What do geologists do to help predict earthquakes? A: They can read the record that a significant earthquake leaves, they can look closely at the faults that have spread apart in the past 10,000 years, the geologists look at paleoliquefaction and stalagmites
2.How can studying stalagmites help understand earthquakes? A: If the Earth moves in an earthquake, the source of the drip moves too, that makes the growth of the stalagmite shift, and you can see where it changes
3. Describe how fossil fuels are formed: Most fossils formed before the dinosaurs, first plankton or sea plants die and sink to the bottom of the ocean, layers of the organic material are covered by sediments, heat and pressure then turn the material into coal, oil, or natural gas, the difference is in the different kinds of organic material, coal comes from trees and plants, oil and gas are formed from plankton
4.What is the “lost town” and why is it lost? A: Centralia Pennsylvania was began burning in 1962 because an abandoned coal mine caught on fire. It wasn’t noticed to the people of the town that under their feet there was a massive fire until 1981, a sinkhole, 150 feet deep opened in a backyard and a 12 year old boy fell in. Luckily his cousin saved him, After 30 yeaars of the town burning the state claimed the town demolished, the fire is still burning and scientists think ir might burn for another hundred years
5. When was the first oil pumped and where did that happen? A: August 27, 1859 in Titusville Pennsylvania
6. What is the Marcellus Shale and what happens there? A:a huge area of shale containing natural gas deep beneath the surface of Earth, many people drill from New York, through Pennsylvania to Maryland, Virginia, Ohio, West Virginia, and it is one of the the largest areas of natural gas in the world

Read pages 42-44 and write a 6 sentence paragraph summarizing the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill

Two years ago in April, a geyser of water shot almost 300 feet up in the air. Then came an eruption of natural gas, oil that caught on fire causing a series of explosions and killing eleven people. Oil from the well than gushed deep underwater creating the largest oil spill in the history of the United States. When Oil spills from a well, it is very hard to clean up. Oil is also very harmless to wildlife after a spill here are some examples: Bird feathers can get covered in oil making it difficult to float and stay warm, Marine animals become coated with oil, Some marine mammals swallow the oil, Sea corals get coated with oil and die.