Day 123 Geology

February 24, 2012 Day 123

Geology 6 x 6 using Earth’s Shifting Surfaces pages 20-27

6 Vocabulary

1.       Magma/ lava: molten rock found beneath Earth’s surface. Magma that reaches the surface, through volcanoes for example, is called lava.

2.       Mid-Atlantic Ridge: a divergent tectonic plate boundary located along the floor of Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world

3.       Asthenosphere: The layer below the lithosphere is called the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is the partly melted layer of the mantle that the plates move on.

4.       Sediment: Pieces of rock that have been worn away and moved to another place

5.       Weathering: the breakdown of rock on or near Earth’s surface

6.       Erosion: the process of being worn away by wind or water

6 Sentences

1. When two plates move apart from each other, magma rises up from the mantle; these places are called constructive plate boundaries.

2. The Mid-Atlantic Ridge runs all the way down the middle of the ocean; it is a huge undersea mountain range that rises 980 ft above the sea floor and is over 620 miles wide.

3. The denser oceanic crust is forced into the asthenosphere and then melts away.

4. When weathered rocks are transported elsewhere it becomes sedimentary rock.

5. Over long periods of time, the force of weathering slowly breaks down igneous rick.

6. Mount Everest, the highest peak in the Himalayas is being pushed up about a centimeter a year; Erosion is wearing it down nearly as fast.

6 Facts/ Details

1. India has been being pushed northward into the Eurasian tectonic plate for millions of years. This collision has caused the land to crumple forming the Himalayan Mountain Range.

2. A popular idea in the 19^th century was that Earth was shrinking and the mountains and continents were formed when the Earth crinkled up like the skin of an old apple.

3. The rock cycle has 5 parts, 1, the magma uplift 2, the erosion of the magma and when the weathered rock is transported elsewhere 3 the breakdown of the magma into sedimentary rock 4, the uplift of the sedimentary rock and 5 the melting and cooling of the rock to start the cycle again

4. The Rocky Mountains of North America were formed over 120 million years when the Pacific plate and the North American Plate collided together.

5. The top of Mount Everest was once the bottom of the ocean; Fossils of marine animals that are about 65 million years old have been found at the summit

6. Constructive plate boundaries are found where new oceanic crust is formed

6 Questions

1. What are destructive plate boundaries? A: Destructive plate boundaries are made when one plate may move beneath the other, these are called destructive plate boundaries because the crust id=s destroyed there

2. Is the Earth getting bigger? Why or Why Not? A: Earth is getting bigger slightly every day, by maybe an inch. However, the Earth is also decreasing by an inch so this balance keeps the earth basically the same size.

3. What are the places called where a new crust fills the gap between shifting plates? A: Constructive plate boundaries

4. Describe “Mountain Building”: When two continental plates collide together they fold upwards creating a mountain or mountain range. This is how the Rocky Mountains in North America were formed.

5. What was the theory of “Shrinking Earth”? A: In the 19^th century people believed that the Earth was shrinking and that’s how the mountains and Volcanoes were formed.

6. Summarize the Rock Cycle: The rock cycle has 5 parts, 1, the magma uplift 2, the erosion of the magma and when the weathered rock is transported elsewhere 3 the breakdown of the magma into sedimentary rock 4, the uplift of the sedimentary rock and 5 the melting and cooling of the rock to start the cycle again

* I already answered most of these questions in my facts and details and I didn’t even read the questions!

6 Images—find Earthquakes, Volcano, Rock Cycle, Eruption

6 Points of Interest from Graphic Organizer book: Rock Cycle

1. Magma is made of gases and liquid minerals it exists under Earth’s surface where temperatures can reach more than 1,832 degrees

2. Igneous rock forms when it is forced to the surface through a volcano

3. Igneous means made from fire

4. Sedimentary rock is a form of weathered rock and plant and animal remains pressed against each other.

5. Metamorphic rock forms underground when layers of rock are partly melted by heat from underground.

6. Pressure forces rock underground

Bonus: Email Grandpa Mike and Grandma Linda about their experience in the Philippians when Mt. Pinatubo erupted. Write 6 good questions here that you want to ask them. Also ask them to share some pictures with you.

1. Did you know that Mount Pinatubo was going to erupt when you where there?

2. Were you evacuated off the island?

3. Did you see any of the eruption process?

4. Was your hotel or place you were staying at damaged?

5. Did you know anyone who was harmed?

6. was it scary or was it cool?

Day 121, 122 Indian Removal Act & Trail of Tears

Day 121 & 122 Tuesday February 21 & 22, 2012

Indian Removal Act Web Quest and 6 x 6

6 Vocabulary

1. Five Civilized Tribes: the collective name for the Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw, Chickasaw, and Seminole tribes of Indians who, in spite of their adaptation to European culture, were deported to the Indian Territory from 1830 to 1840

2. controversial: A prolonged public fight concerning a matter of opinion

3. removal treaties: the specific group of treaties for which Andrew Jackson signed giving land and money to the Indians but making them move from Georgia to farther west.

4. voluntary: Acting or done without compulsion or obligation

5. ceded: To yield or formally surrender to one another

6. emigration: To leave a country or region to settle into another

Website: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_Removal_Act

6 Sentences

1. The Indian Removal act was strongly supported in the South where the states were eager to gain access to lands inhabited by the Five Civilized Tribes.

2. The Indian Removal act was controversial because of the tactics used.

3. There were many removal treaties created by Andrew Jackson because there were so many Native American tribes.

4. The Indian Removal Treaties were said to be voluntary but they really weren’t because when Andrew Jackson became President, he forced them to move.

5. The Indian Tribes in Georgia ceded their land to the Americans.

6. The Indians were not immigrants, but they were forced to emigrate by immigrants.

Website: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zuTmoHpSgNY&feature=related

6 Facts/Details

1. Some Americans considered the Native Americans “obstacles” to settlement

2. Andrew Jackson signed the Indian Removal act on May 26, 1830

3. Jackson negotiated nine out of eleven treaties

4. Only a small number of Creeks, Cherokee, and Choctaw actually moved to the new land.

5. To get out of the Removal act Indians adapted some of the American cultures such as agriculture, westward education and slaves.

6. In 1829 Andrew Jackson wanted to pass the Indian Removal Act but Jeremiah Ebert was against it

6 Questions

1. What were some of the reasons white settlers wanted the Indians’ lands? A: Because they thought it would be great for agriculture and they wanted to make it officially a state. Another reason is that the Indians were trying to coexist to American living to keep their land, but that just made the Americans more jealous. In Georgia, the Americans have discovered gold so they wanted the Indians out because of that too.

2. Which states were secured by the treaties negotiated by Andrew Jackson from 1814-1824? A: Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, Tennessee, Kentucky, and North Carolina

3. How did Jackson justify the removal of the Seminole Indians? What was he punishing them for? A: The Seminole Indians were keeping Fugitive slaves in northern Florida, the Seminole territory. The Seminoles broke out in to war to protect their land. Andrew Jackson punished them for this 

4. Summarize the Supreme Court decision in 1823 about Native Americans’ “right to occupancy” A: In 1823 the Supreme Court handed down a decision which stated that Indians could occupy lands within the United States, but could not hold title to those lands. This was called the rights of occupancy

5. What were some of the non-violent ways the Native Americans tried to keep their land? A: The Indians tried to coexist with some of the American ways.

6. By 1837, how many Native American people were removed by Andres Jackson’s policies from the southeast? A: about 46,000

Website: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2959.html

6 Figures

1. Andrew Jackson: Andrew Jackson, from Tennessee, was a forceful proponent of Indian removal. In 1814 he commanded the U.S. military forces that defeated a faction of the Creek nation. In their defeat, the Creeks lost 22 million acres of land in southern Georgia and central Alabama. The U.S. acquired more land in 1818 when, spurred in part by the motivation to punish the Seminoles for their practice of harboring fugitive slaves, Jackson's troops invaded Sp

2. Congressman Davey Crockett: “King of the Wild frontier” Congressman Crockett vehemently opposed many of the policies of President Andrew Jackson, most notably the Indian Removal Act.

 3. Sequoyah: Was a Cherokee Indian silversmith who in the early 19^th century, created a form of writing that the Cherokee could understand to help coexist with American culture. This made the Americans jealous, but the Indians could communicate now through letters

 4.Chief Justice John Marshall: The Chief Justice of the Supreme court at this time, Who rejected Robert Wirt’s argument about the Indians being a sovereign nation, he also rejected Jackson’s argument on the Indians being subject to state law. He clearly stated the Indians as “Domestic Dependent Nations”

5. Sharp Knife: The Cherokee name for Andrew Jackson

6. Missionaries: A member of a religious group

Website: http://www.historynet.com/andrew-jackson-and-the-indian-removal-act.htm

6 Key dates—Indentify & summarize

1. May 28, 1830: The signing of the Indian Removal Act. Not long after Andrew Jackson became President, he passed the law of the Indian Removal Act on May 28, 1830

2. March 18, 1831: The day the John Marshall made his decision stating that the Indians were “Domestic Dependent Nations”

3. Sept. 27, 1830: The first removal treaty signed after the removal act on September 27, 1830 by Dancing Rabbit Creek, and Choctaw

4. 1835: Treaty of __New Echota_________

5. 1835-1842: The second Seminole War

Trail of Tears Web Quest:

1.       Follow this link and watch PBS video Part 3 “We Shall Remain”: http://video.pbs.org/video/1101800846/

A.      Write a good long paragraph about what you learned and how you felt after watching the video:

In Georgia the Cherokee Indians started off with over 200,000 Native American people in their tribe. Shortly after the War of 1812, it decreased down to 17,000. The families who were Cherokee blooded picked up the ways of the whites creating a new civilization. The Americans believed that they could settle in Georgia which was Indian Territory and belonged to the Five Civilized Tribes. When Andrew Jackson passed the Indian Removal Act, he gave the Indians a period of time to pack up all of their stuff and start heading west down the Trail of Tears. The Cherokee Indians did not leave by their “deadline” so the American army forced them to leave. It was an awful trip down the trail of tears and many MANY people died during the hard circumstances of the winters. The trail of tears is not something our country should be proud of.

2.       Follow this link and read website:  http://www.cherokee-nc.com/index.php?page=62

A.      List 6 facts & Details you learned:

1. More than 17,000 Cherokee Indians traveled along the Trail of Tears about 170 years ago.

2. The Trail of Tears is about 1,200 miles long from North Dakota, to Oklahoma.

3. The Cherokee buried 14 or 15 of their people at every stopping place along the trail

4. Many of the Cherokee Indians faced the Trail of Tears during the bitter winter of 1832

5. 5,000 horses were used on the Trail of Tears and half of them died

6. The Creek Indians were sent to through Tennessee

3. Follow this link: https://www.google.com/search?q=trail+of+tears&hl=en&rlz=1T4ADFA_enUS448US448&prmd=imvnsb&source=lnms&tbm=isch&ei=KQRFT4WaJufL0QGkjcmbBA&sa=X&oi=mode_link&ct=mode&cd=2&ved=0CBkQ_AUoAQ&biw=1892&bih=762

A. look through the images and choose 6 that best represent what you learned about the Trail of Tears (Save As and Copy & Paste here)

Day 119 Geology

February 16, 2012

Day 119

Math: 2 pages + weather book

LA Book: 1 page

Geology 6 x 6 use Earth’s Shifting Surface, pages 12-19

6 Vocabulary

1. Lithosphere: The crust and upper mantle of the Earth

2. Asthenosphere: the region below the lithosphere, variously estimated as being from fifty to several hundred miles thick, in which the rock is less rigid than that above and below but rigid enough to transmit transverse seismic waves

3. Fossil: Remains of a plant been buried beneath the ground and has turned to rock over millions of years

4. Pangaea: the hypothetical landmass that existed when all continents were joined, from about 300 to 200 million years ago.

5. Continents: Seven large landmasses of Earth

6. Convection currents: Movements within a fluid caused by hotter material rising above cooler material

6 Sentences

1. The lithosphere is the first layer of the Earth.

2. Below the asthenosphere, lies a stronger, sturdier layer of the Earth.

3. A lot of Fossils are found in shells, and are often of shells.

4. When you look at the continents, Africa and South America it looks like they had once fit together; this helped the discovery of the theory of Pangaea.

5. The seven continents of Earth are, North America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and Antarctica

6. Convection Currents are caused by the very hot material of the Earth’s core rising.

6 Facts/Details

1. Trenches in Earth’s oceans can be explored using a diving bell. Diving bells can help carry people deep under water

2. The Coastline around Hudson Bay in Canada was pressed down to sea level during the last ice age

3. When the ice sheets melted, the land sprang back up. The sea cliffs around the bay are now hundreds of meters high.

4. After the planets formed, there was a lot of material left over. Much of this rained down on Earth’s surface. This destructive meteor bombardment may have lasted million of years

5. An erupting volcano is a sign that there are tectonic plates on the move

6. The Continental Slope is more than 2,000 miles below sea level

6 Questions

1. What can upset the balance between plates floating on Earth’s mantle? A: An Ice Age can upset the balance of the Earth’s plates floating on the mantle. When thick ice sheets form over land their massive weight pushes the crust lower down into the mantle. As the ice melts, the crust slowly rebounds and rises up again.

2. What “sits” on Earth’s plates? A: Continents

3. Summarize Alfred Wegner’s theory about Earth’s shifting surfaces? A: Alfred Wegener was one of the first people to realize that South America and America look like they had once fit together. Alfred Wegener was thinking long and hard about this, so he decided to gather up a bunch of his friends and go fossil hunting on different sides of the world. Wegener had found one more clue to his theory, Archeologists found fossils of the same kinds of dinosaurs on either side of the Atlantic Ocean. This is a clue that the continents were joined. Alfred Wegener drew a map of what the continents would look like if they were joined together, he called it, Pangaea, which means “large landmass” in German. Scientists and Wegener believe that because of a tectonic occurrence, the continents slowly drifted away from each other creating our world as we know it now. Another scientist theory is that 250 million years from now, the continents would drift back together creating, Pangaea Ultima.

4. How (what kind of motion) do plates move? A: Slowly apart

5. How long until the Earth’s continents form another Pangaea? A: 250 million years, Earth’s continents will form Pangaea Ultima, according to scientific beliefs

*Bonus: and WHY will this happen? A: Another tectonic occurrence will slowly have all the continents form in to each other, making the Atlantic Ocean Disappear and creating Pangaea Ultima 

6. What is the core temperature of the Earth? A: 5,4000 degrees or more

6 Images

6 Points about “Minerals” found using “Chart: Features of Common Minerals” in Graphic Organizer book, page 6-7

1. Talc is the softest mineral because it crumbs easily, Talc is found in white, green, brown, or gray

2. The Calcite Mineral comes in white, yellow or clear, it can be scratched by a penny or Talc 

3. Apatite, the mineral comes in Clear and many other colors, the apatite is the only mineral that can be scratched by glass

4. The Feldspar comes in pink, white, and green, commonly found in granite, it scratches glass

5. The Corundum is the second hardest mineral, it comes in many colors, sapphires and rubies are Corundum’s

6. The Diamond is the hardest matter on Earth, It comes in Clear or white; it scratches everything and is very valuable

Days 117, 118

Day 117, 118

February 14, 15 2012

Valentine’s Crafts: homemade cards for friends and family

Sophie and Lily also spent Tuesday afternoon with Emma preparing a lovely Valentine's meal and cake for Kevin and I. It was a very sweet, special night. Emma said both girls were a lot of help and really enjoyed doing something special for their parents on Valentine's Day.

LA Book: 2 pages

Math: 2 + pages

Sophie Blog: What do you think about the new Math Weather & American History workbooks?

I think working with the new math books is really interesting because I’m learning about weather and history while doing all sorts of difficult math problems. I enjoy it a lot and I think it will help me in some of my history and science work as well a lot on my math.

Latin: Chapter 6

Movie Synopsis: *tectonic occurrence & soil faction

http://www.imdb.com/title/tt1397514/

Journey 2 The Mysterious Island movie: We went to see Journey 2 the Mysterious Island yesterday as a geology field trip. I really enjoyed this movie and it taught me a couple of facts about geology, such as when tectonic plates slip slightly away from each other, volcanoes erupt, this happened during the movie.

Volcanoes erupt when tectonic plates slide against each other, usually, when they slide away from each other

Telling Room Writing Contest:

The Telling Room http://tellingroom.org/ is pleased to announce our 2012 Statewide Writing Contest, co-sponsored by Maine Magazine, Longfellow Books, Maine Writing Project and Southern Maine Writing Project. The contest is open to young writers between the ages of 10-18.

This year's theme is "Searching for Maine, Searching for Me," and can be interpreted as Fiction, Non-Fiction or Poetry. Winners will be selected in each category and excerpts of their work will appear in Maine Magazine.

Furthermore, one Grand Prize winner will walk away with $200 cash and a $200 gift card to Longfellow Books!

Contest Rules

• All submissions should be related to the 2012 theme:

“Searching for Maine, Searching for Me .”

• Entrants must be in grades 6-12 during the 2011-12 school

year, or, if home-schooled, between the ages of 10 and 18.

• Poems can be 40 lines or less, in any form. Nonfiction and

fiction stories should be 750 words or less.

• Send your submission to submissions@tellingroom.or​g.

Attach your story as a .doc or .rtf file or paste it into the body

of the email.

• Include this information with your submission: Name, Age,

School, Email Address, Phone Number, Parents Names,

Mailing Address.

• The deadline for submission is March 7, 2012

Telling Room Writing Feb. 15, 2012 Draft One

“Searching for Maine, Searching for Me”

Growing up in Maine, with dreams of one day being a professional figure skater and entertaining people all around the world with her smile and charisma, Sophie Aileen Calderwood will have a long journey ahead of her.

Sophie Calderwood started skating when she was two years old in Brunswick, Maine. She was in her first show when she was only 7 months. She knew that this was her dream, becoming a wonderful figure skater, but Sophie did not know how many hard years of achievements and failures would be ahead. Sophie’s grandmother Jean Calderwood would bring Sophie to skating lessons every Saturday when she would be in Coach Jillian’s class. Sophie liked being in the classes with Jillian, but she most enjoyed her private lessons with Coach Linda, on Wednesday mornings. Coach Linda Despres would teach Sophie all of her basic skills that she needed to know to pass her levels. But that still took a couple of years.

Sophie’s mom, Corrie was very supportive of her skating but did not push her on being better than the other kids like most parents do. And Sophie’s dad, who was a wonderful hockey player himself, did not push her either.

Sophie entered her first competition when she was about 3 and a half years old. She won her first medal that day, first place. Sophie enjoyed the competitions but it wasn’t her favorite part of figure skating, now that was the shows. Sophie loved to perform and she found that the figure skating shows were the perfect place to do so. Sophie would love her solo numbers where she would get to act out and skate to the music showing her ability, and she loved all the group numbers were she could skate with her friends.

Growing up as a figure skater in Maine was hard because you didn’t have all of the training that you would have in other states, it was hard to get known. But Sophie proved this theory wrong when she competed in over 75 different competitions so far winning 64 medals! This showed other skaters in Maine and in Brunswick that they could try to get somewhere and it didn’t really matter where you were from.

When Sophie was six, her and her parents, and her new born baby sister Lily, would travel to Colorado Springs for the State games. State Games are kind of like a mini Olympics, which you would have to qualify for and then compete against the other qualifiers for the prizes. Sophie competed in four events here. Winning fourth place in her freestyle program, sixth in compulsories, fourth in spins, and first in Showcase, the theatrical program! Sophie was so excited because in each of these groups there were over 20 people.

Sophie worked super hard to get all of her jumps from then on. Sophie landed her axel, one and a half rotations in the air, in 2009. This is a really hard jump to land and Sophie was ecstatic when she got it. She then worked super hard, and when she turned eleven, got all of her double jumps. This shows that she has been working hard and it shows that she loves the sport.

This past summer, Sophie auditioned and got in to Annie at Maine State Music Theater. She played the role of Duffy, and this really changed her life. Sophie met her best friends here, and had some serious thoughts about which one she liked better, skating or theater. Sophie thought about this for a long time and still couldn’t make up her mind.

In November the past year, Sophie’s Grandfather Andrew Bernier passed away. This was Sophie’s first loss and it was really hard for Sophie because she had a great connection with Andrew. Andrew always loved watching Sophie skate and so Sophie made up her mind. Sophie would mix her two favorite things together and have a dream of performing on Disney on Ice when she gets older. But from now on, Sophie would keep working as hard as she could on figure skating to hopefully pursue her dream.

I’m sure you are wondering who I am now because I haven’t really told you much about myself, well actually I have. I am eleven years old and I am a figure skater in Maine and I love it. I am Sophie Calderwood and I have found who I am in Maine.

Written by,

Sophie Calderwood

Day 116

February 13, 2012

Day 116

State of Maine 6 x 6: Moses Greenleaf Primer

http://www.mainehistorystore.com/mogrpr.html

6 Vocabulary

1. Cartographer: A person engaged in cartography, the production of maps

2. Tranquility: Quality or state of being tranquil, calm, peaceful, quiet

3. Land agent: a person or firm engaged at a commission to obtain grants of public lands or to negotiate the buying and selling of private lands between two or more parties

4. Iron ore: An ore in which iron can be extracted from

5. Surveying: The science or scientific method of one who surveys land; to examine physically

6. Freemasons: originally a traveling guild of masons with a secret code; in the early 17c. They began accepting honorary members and teaching them the secrets and lore, which by 1717 had developed into the fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons. The exact origin of the free- is a subject of dispute

6 Sentences

1. Moses Greenleaf was the first cartographer to draw an accurate map of the state of Maine.

2. People did not want to settle in Maine because they suspected it had less tranquility than the other new territories and states in the west.

3. Moses Greenleaf became one of the first land agents in Maine; he believed Maine was a great place to settle because it wasn’t quite as far as the other states in the west and because it had a lot of iron.

4. In 1815, Moses Greenleaf inherited Iron ore deposits on top of Ore Mountain just north of Williamsburg.

5. Moses Greenleaf was somewhat like Lewis and Clark because they were surveyors, although, Lewis and Clark surveyed all of the west and Greenleaf only surveyed Maine.

6. Moses Greenleaf was the first master of the Piscataquis Lodge, No.44 a fraternal organization of Freemasons.

6 Facts/Details

1. George Washington and Ben Franklin were Freemasons

2. Moses Greenleaf married Persis Poor, who was actually one of the richest people in New England

3. Moses and his brother surveyed the state of Maine to make the first accurate map to give to the government of Massachusetts to help promote Maine as a settled state.

4. The winter of 1816 in Maine was known as “Eighteen Hundred and Froze to Death” and “The year without a summer”

5. Moses Greenleaf’s house is on Greenleaf hill in what is now Milo, Maine and his family members still lived in his house until his great niece Lillian Fredin died in the 1990’s.

6. There is no picture of Moses Greenleaf except for a silhouette that was made in the early 1800’s.  

6 Questions

1. Where and when was Moses Greenleaf born and when did he move to Maine? A: Moses was born in 1777 in Newbury Massachusetts and he moved to Maine in 1790

2. Why did the Greenleaf family want to move to North to Maine? A: because they were seeking a new life and starting a settlement, thousands of other Massachusetts families migrated to Maine as well.

3. What was Moses’ first occupation? A: An owner of a general store, Moses opened up the first General store in New Gloucester when he was 21.

4. Describe the Greenleaf homestead in Williamsburg, Maine: The homestead in Williamsburg Maine was on Greenleaf hill and it included a large house, a barn, and 2 orchards.

5. What were 3 main reasons people were not moving and settling in Maine? A: Because they did not believe it had tranquility, because they were moving west, because it was unsettled according to them

6. What did Moses plan and hope to do in order to convince people to move to the new State of Maine? A: He became a cartographer and started surveying and drawing the first map of Maine with his brother Ebenezer.

6 Field Trip sites—find on web

1. http://mainestatemuseum.org/ Maine State Museum

2. No site for it, Moses Greenleaf’s house in Milo, Maine

3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine_State_House Capitol Building

4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brownville,_Maine Brownville Maine

5. http://community.curtislibrary.com/pejepscot.htm Pejepscot Museum

6. http://www.acadianationalpark.com/midcoast_attractions/joshua_chamberlain_house.php Joshua Chamberlain Museum

6 Other Questions

1. Why did Maine become its own state? A: Because of the Missouri Compromise when Missouri became a state, they allowed Maine to become a state too

2. Who was the first governor of Maine and find his image. A: William King

3. What was the population of Maine in 1820? A: about 300,000

4. What were the 3 main industries of the State of Maine in the early nineteenth century? A: Cotton Mills, Logging, Farming

5. What was going on in Brunswick in 1820? A: Brunswick was still developing with, only a few houses, one cotton mill factory, which is Cabot Mill or Fort Andross.

6. What was life like in Maine in 1820? A: Life in Maine is very different then it was now, it was still developing with only a few towns and counties, but was pretty populated.

Some websites to visit:

1.       http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Maine

2.       http://www.maine.gov/sos/kids/about/history.htm

3.       http://mainestatemuseum.org/

4.        http://www.history.com/shows/how-the-states-got-their-shapes/videos/maine-lake-camp#maine-lake-camp

5.       http://www.mainehistory.org/

6.        http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brunswick,_Maine

Days 114 & 115 Geology

Day 114 & 115

LA Book: 2 pages

Math: 2 pages

Link to Book

Solving Math Problems in Weather: Exercise 1 Latitude & Climate

Geology 6 x 6

Using book: Earth’s Shifting Surface,  pages 4-11

Link to Book

And Learning About Rocks, Weathering, and Erosion with Graphic Organizers by Diana Estigarribia

Link to Book

6 Vocabulary

1. Landscape: A large scale picture of natural scenery and large parts of Earth

2. Crust (as in Earth’s): The Outer Layer of Earth, divided into continental and oceanic crust

3. Tectonic plates: 20 or so continental and oceanic plates that make up Earth’s crust. The movements of the plates are responsible for Volcanoes and Earthquakes and for the changing position of the continents over a million years ago.

4. Molten: Melted Rock in a liquid form

5. Mantle (as in Earth): Part of the Earth that lies between the Crust and Core

6. Seismometer: Device used to detect shock waves traveling through Earth caused by earthquakes

6 Sentences

1. Artists often paint landscapes because they are unchanging.

2. The Crust is known as the thin skin of solid rock, now you see how bread crusts got its name!

3. Each Tectonic plate is made from a solid slab of lithosphere, a combination of the Crust plus the uppermost part of the Mantle.  

4. When Magma is lifted onto the crust of the Earth it rises and creates molten.

5. The Mantle is I, 800 miles below The Earth’s Crust; the temperatures are so high inside the Mantle that the rock slowly becomes magma.

6. By using seismometers to measure the way shock waves travel through Earth, scientists have been able to build up a picture of the inside Earth.

6 Facts/ Details

1. Fossil hunters have discovered Fossils from the same kinds of Dinosaurs on Either side of the Atlantic Ocean. It is a clue that the Continents were once joined.

2. Scientists, at the beginning of the 20^th century wrongly believed that the continents were once joined by bridges of land.

3. When Oceanic crust crashes into a continent, it is pushed down into the asthenosphere and melts away.

4. Trenches in Earth’s oceans can be explored using a diving bell

5. The Rocky Mountains of North America were formed over 120 million years ago.

6. The Rocky Mountains were formed when the Pacific Plate collided with the North American Plate

6 Questions *use Earth’s Shifting Surface pg 4-11

1. What is an analogy the book uses to describe the Earth’s crust? A: The thin layer of skin

2. What happens when one tectonic plates collides with another over long periods of time? A: it could create new continents or really big Earthquakes or tsunamis

3. How old are the oldest rocks on Earth? A: 3.8 billion years old

4. Describe the theory of a cosmic collision: Scientists have a theory that Earth was almost destroyed shortly after it was formed, a massive object as big as the planet Mars collided with it, that’s how the moon was formed. The surface of the planet that remained turned to molten

5. What is one of the main differences between the oceanic and continental crust of the earth? A: One of the main differences between the oceanic and Continental crust is that the Oceanic crust has much younger rock than the Continental which makes them both very unique.

6. How deep into the Earth have people drilled so far? A: 7 miles

6 Images

6 Points learned from Graphic Organizer—Venn Diagram: Weathering and Erosion

1. Weathering Softens the Rock and creates soil, clay, sand, and gravel

2. Weathering is caused by living things

3. Weathering and Erosion can be caused by ice, water, or wind

4. Weathering and Erosion shapes land and creates new landforms

5. Erosion Moves Rock Particles and it can be caused by gravity

6. Erosion helps weathering to continue

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_5BGRCryrOU

Days 112 & 113 Westward Expansion

February 7 & 8, 2012

Days 112, 113

LA Book: 2 pages

Math: 2 pages

Solving Math Problems in American History: Exercise 1 Identifying and Using Roman Numerals

Latin: Chapter 5 & Flashcards

Western Expansion book

Who remembers reading Choose-Your-Own-Adventure books? This is the same format but teaching about history. The books are engaging and fun with great pictures and facts about history.

Link to book

West. Expansion web-quest

Westward Expansion Webquest

1.       Follow this link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5Ha11IunYN4 LOVE THAT SONG!

2.       Follow this link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qrjg9ulR-xo&feature=related

A.      What is Manifest Destiny? Good—6 sentence + paragraph.

B.      The Manifest Destiny is the belief of the American citizens of the 19^th Century that it was their god given right to move into the west. Thomas Jefferson developed this idea in 1803 when he bought the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon. Lewis and Clark proved that it was possible to travel to the West and back. America needed more space so people traveled to along the Oregon Trail, Proving that Manifest Destiny was possible.

3.       Follow this link: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_X2tfAtHC_8

A.      What are some of the hazards people faced on their journey west? 6 sentence paragraph

Some of the hazards that people faced on this journey were, facing miles of open prairies, Getting lost from the trail was one of the dangers people feared most, they might have never gotten back on the right track! Another of the hazards was Desert storms, where they couldn’t see the trail. There were many other hazards that made the Oregon Trail and Westward Expansion so difficult.

4.       http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0ZBDY-urAwY&feature=related

A.      What are some of the many good reasons people traveled west? 6 sentence paragraph

Well it basically was the Manifest Destiny, that’s one of the main reasons that people traveled west. Another reason is that they could start new businesses and earn more money so people traveled west for that. Also People traveled along the Santa Fe Trail during the Gold Rush, and they left their families behind. It was probably a real disappointment for all of the families left in the east because there really wasn’t as much gold in California then they thought there was, so the people that left usually just stayed in California and made a new living.          

5.       http://movies.netflix.com/WiPlayer?movieid=70184380&trkid=3325854

A.      What did you learn? Write 6 paragraph paper about Westward Expansion

Westward Expansion started back in 1775 during the Revolutionary War when Daniel Boone ventured into Kentucky. This was the first idea that proved that well there was a west, although they still didn’t know how big it was yet. Daniel Boone took about 30 men and traveled into the west cutting down trees and moving some of the Indians out. Daniel made some shelter for some of the American family’s that were living in the cities to stay in the wilderness and get away from battle.

The idea of Westward Expansion didn’t continue until the early 19^th century when Thomas Jefferson was elected president. Jefferson noticed that we were running out of space in the 13 colonies in the east and knew that there was more land in the west. It took a few tries, but Jefferson got the Louisiana Territory from Napoleon in France; this was called the Louisiana Purchase. Meriwether Lewis, Thomas Jefferson’s secretary volunteered to go with his friend William Clark, to survey the new land.

The journey was long and harsh but Lewis and Clark went to Oregon and back with the help of Sacagawea and Toussaint Charbonneau. Lewis and Clark proved that there was a whole bunch of land in the west that could be explored. Lewis and Clark also proved that they could make it to the west and survive, because on their journey west only one man died.

In 1806 a person named Jed Smith went out again with his team again and searched the west. He started mapping down the easiest routes to Oregon and California. In about what is now Indiana, Smith got attacked by a grizzly bear that tore his scalp and ear off. Smith’s brother, Tyler sewed them back together, and Jed Smith survived.

In 1809-1810, Westward Expansion begun when courageous families sold their land and furniture and headed off west in a Prairie Schooner. They would follow along in the wagon train down the Oregon and Santa Fe Trail. I learned about the Donner party who made the wrong decision and went down a shortcut, which really was more of a “death cut”. They traveled through the mountains, and with the terrible mountain conditions, broke an axle. That night 5 inches of snow fell and the Donner Party was stranded in the mountains with no food, two of the people in their party had died that night, so to redeem themselves from hunger; they ate them, and survived.

The westward Expansion lasted all throughout the beginning of the 20^th century until it was completely settled.

Westward Expansion 6x6

*This one is a little different because Sophie actually wrote this 6 x 6 and I completed it—at least I did the Vocabulary, the Questions, and the web-sites.

6. Vocabulary

1. Interactive: to engage with; be a part of

2. Pioneers: the named for the large group of American people and families who migrated from the East coast of the US to the Western frontiers in the nineteenth century; also used to describe any group of people who embark on a place or journey that is unexplored or unsettled

3. Chimney Rock: a large rock formation along the Oregon Trail, a significant landscape marker along the trail

4. Territory: a somewhat-defined area of land that is yet to be explored or settled, usually refers to land that is recently acquired by a country but is not officially part of the country

5. Expansion: to increase in size, used to describe the American Westward Expansion of the country and its people in the nineteenth century

6. Cowboy: a colloquial name for men who rode horses and worked on the Western ranches herding steer; American folklore and mythology of the “Wild West”

6. Sentences

1. I learned about Westward Expansion from a You Choose Book, An Interactive History Adventure.

2. The pioneers that traveled along the Oregon Trail during the westward expansion used wagons that were also called “prairie schooners.” 

3. Chimney Rock was like a milestone on the Oregon Trail; Chimney Rock was named so because of how it went up out of the ground just like a chimney.

4. The Native Americans living in the west at this time were confused about Westward Expansion; they did not understand why the whites were settling into their territory.

5. The American citizens believed that it was their right to expand into the West; this idea was called Manifest Destiny and was developed by Thomas Jefferson.

6. When people settled in the west they didn’t have any jobs, so people made up the idea of moving the cattle or cows out of their land; the people that led the cows to the West were called Cowboys, although they rode on horses!

6. Facts and Details

1. Americans built towns and Railroads as they moved to the West

2. Wagon trails usually traveled single file on the Oregon Trail. This was called a Wagon Train

3. Graves of Pioneers who died can still be found today; their graves were made of many rocks covering a hole.

4. people often climbed Independence Rock and carved their name on to it.

5. Pioneers used three small islands as stepping stones to cross the Snake River.

6. Cowboys and sheepdogs are somewhat alike; they would watch their sheep over night to see if anyone takes them.

6. Questions and Answers

1. What is a Baron? A: a person, usually a man, who owns large tracts of land or business—an employer

2. What type of Animals were used to pull the Pioneers Wagons? A: oxen

3. What Did the Native Americans think about Westward Expansion? A: They did not understand why all the people came to their land, where all the people came from, and how any people could “own” land or draw lines on a map to determine ownership

4. What are some ways that Pioneers used to cross the River? A: send the oxen to swim over and then float with the wagon across, hoping to make it. Moving down or up the river to find an easier crossing place or waiting until the right time of year when the water wasn’t running high. Bridges and ferries came later.

5. How long did the Westward Expansion last? A: the bulk of the pioneers moved West and settled the land over about 40 years, by the end of the 1890s Westward Expansion was considered over

6. After the Civil War, Thousands of former slaves moved west, mostly to Kansas, Do you think they experienced the same as the Pioneers? A:  

6 Images

6 websites

1.       http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/modules/westward/index.cfm Write a sentence or two about what you learned:

1.       the US increased its size by a third in just 5 years

2.       the population of the Western frontier increased from 6 to 17 million in just a few decades

3.       the belief in “Manifest Destiny” made it easy for white American settlers to displace or remove the native peoples of the land they settled

2.       http://www.sonofthesouth.net/texas/westward-expansion.htm Write a paragraph on what you learned:

1.       Most of the American “states” were formed and established in less than 30 years after the original charter of 13 colonies granted by the king of Great Britain in the sixteenth century

2.       The US bought most of the land from France with the Louisiana Purchase, then Florida from Spain (and a few wars were fought with the Seminole Indians),

3.       Oregon and the surrounding states were est. by Lewis & Clark exploration, then boundaries finalized with Canada by 1848

4.       Texas was fought for and won during the Mexican American War of 1848

5.       California and surrounding states were purchased from Mexico as part of the treaty that ended the Mexican War