Gelology Experiment: Volcano Eruption!!

Science Experiment: Erupting Volcano                                                   March 27, 2012

Experiment 1: Baking Soda & Vinegar

1 cup vinegar

2 tabls. Baking soda

Red food coloring

funnel

Pour baking soda into plastic bottle and place inside volcano crater. Mix food coloring with vinegar and quickly pour mix through funnel into bottle. Stand back!

Observations

1.       Pour the baking soda BEFORE the vinegar

2.       The red dye and vinegar smelled like Easter

3.       As soon as the vinegar hit the baking soda it bubbled right away!

4.       The bubbles/lava went up (erupted) about two inches

5.       The eruption last about 15 seconds

6.       The eruption was successful but not as successful as it could have been because the crater mouth of my volcano was too big!

 Video of Eruption!

Experiment 2: Salt and Diet Soda

1 12 or 16 oz bottle of Diet Soda (why diet? Because when it dries there won’t be a sugar residue on the volcano)

2 tables. Salt

Funnel

Place full bottle of soda in volcano crater. Pour salt into funnel, using finger to plug hole. Place funnel over the bottle and release salt. Stand back!

Observation

1.       Immediate eruption!

2.       The “lava” poured over the crater and onto the mountain

3.       The lava went up into the air!

4.       This experiment lasted for about 45 seconds

5.       The lava was brown instead of red

6.       Best eruption of the day because of the new, bigger bottle!

Link to Eruption Part Two

Day 142 Geology Final 6 x 6

March 26, 2012 Day 142

Math: 2 pages

LA Book: 1 page

Final Geology 6 x 6 using Graphic Organizer book

Vocabulary

1. KWL chart: A graphic organizer that helps you find out what you already know, what you want to know and what you have learned. KWL stands for know, want, and learned

2. Sediment: Gravel, sand, silts, or mud carried by wind or water

3. Deposition (as in soil): The dropping of tiny bits of rock in a new place

4. Humus: Dark brown matter formed from the remains of dead plants and animals

5. Topsoil: A layer of soil at the surface of Earth that is important to plant growth

6. Bedrock: All solid rock underneath the soil, sometimes worms

Sentences

1. What I learned from my KWL chart about erosion, is that when water pushes larger stones ad pebbles along the bottom of the stream they bump in to other rocks which make them smooth and round.

2. Ocean currents carry away sediments, over time waves can erode entire islands.

3. Once sediment has formed and moved, it settles and makes new land forms; this is an example of deposition.

4. Humus helps soil stick together and holds soil form rock particles that have been moved by erosion.

5. Most plants grow from the topsoil, however carrots any other vegetable that grow underground grow from the humus.

6. The bedrock is the bottom layer of soil; it is also the thickest and strongest layer of the soil.

Facts & Details

1. The percentage of the things that make up soil are 45 % minerals, 5% living things, 25% water, and 25% air

2. When wind blows fast enough, it can lift small bits of sediment such as dirt and sand into the air.

3. Wind cannot lift sediment that is covered by dirt and plants or made moist by water.

4. People have several ways of slowing and stopping erosion on hills, they can make the hill stronger by building walls or steel nets

5. The layers of soil of soil are called horizons

6. Graphic organizers are charts, graphs, and pictures that sort facts and ideas and make them clear

Questions

1. What do streams create over thousands of years of rock erosion? A: They create valleys

2. What is a delta? A: A pile of Earth and sand that collects at the mouth of a river

3. How is a sand dune formed? A: Wind blows sand onto a bush or rock starting a sand pile, Wind deposits more sand on the pile, as wind continues to deposit sand on the pile, the pile becomes a sand dune

4. Describe how soil is formed: Soil forms from weathered rocks that break up in to humus, sediment, and topsoil

5. What is the “parent rock”? A: Bedrock’s other name

6. What % of soil is living things? A: 5%

Images

Rock Book *6 sentence summary paragraph

Every Needs A Rock by Byrd Baylor

1.       Everybody needs a rock, a friend, a beautiful treasure. This book gives you ten rules to find the perfect rock that fits your personality. One you have to go to a mountain that is covered with rocks, bend over and look at the rocks. You are not supposed to get a rock that is bigger than an apple or small enough so a mouse can eat it. You have to look for the perfect color rock the shape of the rock is up to you. Once you have found the perfect rock and followed all the rules and instructions, you have found your rock that will be your new best friend!

Link to Book

Day 141 History Project & Poem

March 23, 2012 Day 141

Math: 2 pages, Weather

LA Book: 1 page

Latin: vocabulary flashcards

History Diorama project: paint, print, and prepare, & present!

Link to Project Video & Poem read by Sophie

Dr. Suess-like History poem:

The United States debate,

On these subjects all eight!

From 1820-1850

These facts are very nifty!

Moses Greenleaf was surveying,

And Congress was debating,

Then Maine became a state,

With NO SLAVES now aint that great?

Now those families on the Trail,

The males and the females,

Were trying to get to the West,

And they had no time to rest.

Because back in the east,

The Five Civilized Tribes were having a feast,

But in Washington a controversial,

Sent them crying down that teary trail

And the Americans in Texas,

Were fed up with the Mexicans,

So they hid in the Alamo,

Where a big battle was and Santa Anna cried “Deguello!”

But this started another War,

For annexation I’m pretty sure,

Between The Mexicans and Americans,

The Rio Grande is now the border end

Now were in 1849,

When the gold rush took it’s time,

With the prospector acting like clowns,

It created many boomtowns!

In the South all the slaves,

Were starting to misbehave,

And break the Fugitive Slave Act,

And hop a “train” to the north but never back!

And the idea of a railroad,

Was starting to unload,

But it wasn’t physically done,

Until about 1861!

So this America 1820-1850

I hope these facts were nifty!

Day 140 Portland Freedom Trail field trip & 6 x 6

March 22, 2012 Day 140

LA Book: 1 page

Math: 2 pages, + History math

Field Trip: Portland Freedom Trail

http://www.portlandfreedomtrail.org/

6 x 6 Underground Railroad

Vocabulary

1. Stowaway: A person who hides aboard ship, vehicle, or aircraft in order to gain free passage

2. Temperance: restraint or moderation, especially in yielding to one's appetites or desires

3. Abyssinian: A small country in Africa, and a black people church

4. Abolish: To do away with, to put an end to

5. Emancipation: The act of freeing or state of being free

6. Conductor (as in Underground Railroad): Abolitionists or free slaves that helped other slaves get across the Underground Railroad

Sentences

1. Some of the slaves that got to Portland were stowaways; they stowed away on ships that were going to Portland.

2. Blacks, compared to their white counterparts, were usually older, more reliable, stable family men who were the pillars of their communities and often deeply committed to the temperance movement.

3. The Abyssinian Church in Portland, Maine was the first organized Abyssinian Church in the country.

4. The Abolitionists of the North protested to abolish slavery.

5. The Anti-slavery movement suggested the emancipation of slaves.

6. Harriet Tubman and William Still were known as “conductors” on the Underground Railroad.

Facts & Details

1. The Underground Railroad was named so because a slave catcher was chasing a little slave girl and before he knew it she disappeared, as if she had been sucked underground.

2. One “train stop” on the Underground Railroad in Portland was a man named Jacob C. Dickinson’s barber shop

3. Quakers are always against slavery and violence.

4. Another “train stop” in Portland is the second hand clothing store of Lloyd Scott; At this stop, Lloyd would give warm clothing to the fugitives as they continued along the Underground Railroad

5. Lumber (and slaves) would come to the Franklin Street Wharf in Portland, another train stop on the Underground Railroad

6. A very strong opinionated man named Charles Fredrick made a train stop at his house for fugitive slaves; he hid them in his huge basement for the night with a real comfy bed

Questions

1. What were some of the most common jobs for African Americans in the free North? A: hack Drivers, barbers, mariners, domestic workers or second hand clothing dealers

2. Why were barber shops important to the anti-slavery movement and the Underground Railroad? A: because, they would sell fake facial hair to change the appearance of a slave to help sneak away

3. How did Maine participate and benefit from the Triangular Trade system of the previous century? A: Portland was a huge port where they would import Sugar and molasses (and slaves) and export rum

4. How are the women’s suffrage movement and the anti-slavery movement connected? A:they are both fighting against people’s rights

5. What happened in 1832 at the Free Meeting House in Portland? A: William Lloyd Garrison started the Maine anti-slavery movement

6. What happened in Portland in 1866? A: There was a huge fire

People

1. Rueben Ruby: the foremost African American anti-slavery activist and Underground Railroad conductor in Portland, started the first Abyssinian church

2. Rev. Amos N Freeman: The first fulltime minister at the Abyssinian church

3. Charles Frederick Eastman: a conductor on the Underground Railroad and no man did more for the poor fugitives than he

4. William Lloyd Garrison: The man who started the Maine anti-slavery movement in 1832

5. General Samuel C. Fessenden: an abolitionist, state legislator, lawyer and passionate supporter of Portland’s African American community

6. Lloyd Scott: A second hand clothing dealer who gave warm clothes to fugitive slaves.

Days 138 & 139 Geology Paper Final

March 20 & 21, 2012 Days 138 & 139

LA Book: 2 pages

Math: 4 pages

Latin: Chapter 10 conjunctions + vocabulary flash cards

Geology: write and edit paper (*some formatting issues from Word to Blogger)

My science project for this year is a diorama of a volcano since I have been studying geology. My diorama shows the proportions of a volcano, the nature on the ground next to a volcano, the tectonic plates that make the volcano, and what’s inside a volcano. We made this project with a recycled lid to a plastic box, Sally’s old dog cone, and recycled snack boxes. My project is supposed to represent a volcano with nature all around, tectonic plates, and what makes the magma or lava come out of the volcano. We used dried, (dead) moss, rocks, paint, fake bushes and marbles to make the nature side of my project, recycled snack boxes for the tectonic plates, and paint for the magma/lava. The snack boxes fell off for the tectonic plates so I painted in the lithosphere, asthenosphere, upper mantle, and the continental crust.

A volcano is made by tectonic plates colliding together and making a mountain however, the tectonic plates that formed the volcanoes have heat and magma under them which makes the volcano erupt the lava. There are five various kinds of volcanoes. For instance, cinder cones, shield volcanoes, lava domes, stratovolcanoes, and calderas. Cinder cones are the most common and recognizable types of volcanoes because they are mountains with a whole at the top where the lava comes out. My volcano is a cinder cone volcano. Shield volcanoes are close to the ground and are only found in Hawaii. Lava domes are volcano domes with a small hole at the top, not very much lava comes out of these volcanoes but they erupt quite frequently.

Stratovolcanoes are known as composite volcanoes and because they are formed by many different materials. These volcanoes are close to the stratosphere, hence, the name stratovolcanoe. A caldera is a volcano that is formed by a volcanic eruption, it is usually not very big but it has little eruptions rarely. A caldera is very valuable because the magma or lava that comes out of the volcano comes from the mantle where many valuable minerals are. The Volcanic lava contains minerals such as gold, zinc, and copper. However the lava is very deadly, it is a lot like fire. In fact, in the Pacific Ocean there is a circle of volcanoes that erupt frequently called the ring of fire. From North West South America, all the way up to Alaska, around and under the ocean back to Japan and the Philippines is the “Ring of Fire.”

Earthquakes can cause a volcanic eruption, especially in the ring of fire. Earthquakes cause the plates to move and slide kind of like my knee cap. When the plates split in half on a diagonal sort of line, it causes an earthquake, and then those plates keep moving which trigger a tsunami. If an earthquake happens beneath the sea, that’s what makes tsunami. A tsunami is a massive wave of water that speeds across the ocean at 620 mph, when the wave hits the coast the damage can be devastating.

The Tectonic plates that make up a volcano form all of the other giant landmarks on the earth such as mountains, hills, and continents. Actually a man named Alfred Wegener proposed a theory that the Earth’s continents were once connected and there’s proof too. Since the Tectonic plates of the Earth slide, it might have forced a big landmass to move away from each other. Wegener called this continent “Pangaea,” meaning “One Earth” in German. There are about 20 tectonic plates on the Earth that make up the earth’s crust, although the plates are placed on the upper mantle, below the crust.

We are going to try to erupt my volcano twice, once with salt and once with baking soda and vinegar. Salt! For this experiment I will need a 12 0z bottle of any carbonated diet soda, and we are going to use diet cherry coke which the experiment summary says works pretty well, and two tablespoons of Salt. We are supposed to put the soda into the hole of the volcano and then pour the salt in. The chemical reaction of the salt will create brown lava flying out of the volcano, this experiment is supposed to get messy. With the baking soda and vinegar, a chemical reaction occurs that immediately sets off carbon dioxide so we will have to be careful during this eruption experiment. Since Vinegar is an acid, when the baking soda is poured in to it, it releases a huge explosion of “lava.”

We are going to try those experiments soon because we need to shellac the volcano so we can do it twice. The other eruption that was suggested but we are not going to do, is the very famous diet coke and mentos experiment.  This experiment is common because it has a quick reaction, usually. My friends Katie and Cecilia are homeschooled too and they did this experiment with their mom that day and when I had a sleepover at Emma’s house with them, they wanted to try it. So we took ginger ale and some mints and a cork and waited for ten minutes and nothing happened so we decided to go to bed since we had skating rehearsal in the morning. The next morning we got up and found a shattered plastic bottle with mints and soda all over the floor, we guess it was a very late chemical reaction!

My diorama of a volcano is supposed to capture all the details on what makes a volcano and an eruption happen. I learned a lot about geology in this unit and I think that a volcano really represents that theme. I learned a lot about earthquakes, tectonic plates, and tsunami’s as well.

History Diorama: plan, outline

Farm School

Day 136 & 137 Geology & That's Entertainment!

March 14 & 15th, 2012 Days 136 & 137

LA Book: 2 pages

Math: 4 pages

Latin: Chapter 9 prepositions + vocabulary flash cards

Geology Project: Finish & label

Geology Paper Outline

*Review Blog for Geology Posts: http://calderwoodhomeschool.blogspot.com/

1. Introduction

My Science Project for this year is a diorama of a volcano since I have been studying geology. My diorama shows the proportions of a volcano, the nature on the ground next to a volcano, the tectonic plates that make the volcano, and what’s inside a volcano. We made this project with a recycled lid to a plastic box, Sally’s old dog cone, and recycled snack boxes.

2. Summary of Project

My project is supposed to represent a volcano with nature all around, tectonic plates, and what makes the magma or lava come out of the volcano. We used dried, (dead) moss, rocks, paint, fake bushes and marbles to make the nature side of my project, recycled snack boxes for the tectonic plates, and paint for the magma/lava.

3. Volcano

A. There are 5 various kinds of volcanoes, mine is a cinder cone volcano

B. Volcanic lava contains many valuable minerals such as gold, zinc, and copper

C. the Ring of fire

4. Plate Tectonics

A. There are about 20 tectonic plates that make up the Earth’s crust

B. The tectonic plates are made up of a part of the lithosphere

C. Tectonic plates create volcanoes

5. Earthquakes & Tsunamis

A. an Earthquake triggers a tsunami to happen

B. the tectonic plates keep moving after an earthquake

C. We can sometimes predict earthquakes now since the technology of the satellites are so advanced

6. Volcanic Eruption Experiment summary

A. Salt! We will need a bottle of soda and 2 tablespoons of salt for this experiment, We are supposed to place the bottle inside the volcano and then pour the salt into the bottle and the chemicals will react and the volcano should erupt!

B. Baking soda and vinegar, this experiment has many different chemical reactions, basically what you do is pour the vinegar into the bottle and then quickly pour the baking soda in which creates an immediate chemical reaction that erupts the volcano

Sophie Blog: knee & PT, Lauren, Skate show

Hi everybody! I saw almost all of you at the skating show last week but I have had a lot going on since and before then. A couple of months ago my knee had started to hurt and it started sliding off his track and popping, so we decided to go to physical therapy for it. My physical therapist is named Matt and he is very nice. He gave me three exercises that I have to do 45 of every day! One where I have to have a ball in between my legs and lift my legs up, one where I have to put my leg up on a chair and stretch my hamstring muscles. That one I have to twice a day and three sets of! And another one where I have to lay on the ground and pick up my foot when I’m on an angle. These exercises were hard at first but now I have gotten used to them and they are much easier.

On Friday, I was very excited because Lauren was coming to sing at the Skating show we went to pick her up in New Hampshire and it was awesome! Her and I get along so well, and she was excited because she got to sing in the show and skate! She stayed with us for 3 days and it was awesome, although it went by fast! I need to see her and Emma again soon or else I am going to explode! We made it a tradition for her to come down and sing the National Anthem each year at the skating show because I think she enjoyed. The skating show went very well and I am super excited for next year!

Day 135 Underground Railroad cont.

March 13, 2012 Day 135

Math: 2 pages

LA : 1 page

Underground Railroad Choose-Own adventure: At first I chose to be a slave experiencing the life on the Underground Railroad. I learned that my master was selling us to a wealthy slave merchant in Maryland. I went on the Underground Railroad with my father and then got caught by a slave catcher not too long after. On my second adventure I chose to be a slave catcher. I decided to search for a young slave girl named Mary who had run away from her master in Alabama. I found Mary and handcuffed her to the wagon. The next night I heard a sound and went to investigate, it was Mary crying, Please don’t hurt me! Ignoring her I dragged her back to her master in Alabama. My last adventure was to be an abolitionist in the North, Maine actually. I helped Run-away slaves get to Canada by providing a stop or resting place for those slaves at my house. I was caught by another man who arrested me for helping runaway slaves.

Link to book

Before Civil War graphic Novel: This graphic novel tells about the Alamo, Mexican American war, The California Gold Rush, and the starting of the Railroad. All of the events leading up to the Civil War. This book was basically a review to me because I learned all about this stuff already but it was fun to read and I enjoyed it.

Link to book

 FTL: PBS video

Summarize the movie:

William Still, a former slave whose mother escaped from their plantation in Maryland is now one of the most famous “conductor’s” on the Underground Railroad. Starting in 1848 slaves from the Southern plantations were trying to escape from the cruel laws of slavery. They have been taking risks that could take their lives away from them, but these risks are from freedom. William Stills mother, Sydney Still had four children, her husband was shot by her drunken master, she tried to escape once, shortly after she was found and taken back her master in Maryland. Later that month, Sydney tried another escape plan, she only would take two of her children though, and she would leave her two boys and take along her younger boy and daughter, Maria Still and William Still. William still helped many slaves on the Underground Railroad, when he heard of one called Henry Brown; he very much doubted his arrival. Henry Brown was a slave from Louisiana who, with his white carpenter friend, Sam, made up a plan for Henry to escape on the Underground Railroad. Sam would make a box big enough for Henry to fit in and send him off to Pennsylvania with a tiny breathing whole on the side. The box got to William Still’s house in Pennsylvania and the word got out of Henry “Box” Brown. This made the slaves think anything was possible on the Underground Railroad, until 1850. The Fugitive slave Act was passed stating that all people in the North and South were to catch the slaves and bring them back to their masters or else there would be a huge fine or a 10 year prison sentence. But did this stop William still, OF COURSE NOT!! The slaves kept coming up to Pennsylvania and Still would send them on their safest route to freedom in Canada, which the slaves called Freedoms land.

Days 134 Transcontinental Railroad & Underground Railroad

March 12, 2012 Day 134

LA Book: 1 page

Math Books: 2 pages, *History

3 x 6 Transcontinental Railroad

Vocabulary

1. Transcontinental: Passing or extending across a continent

2. Railroad: A permanent road laid with rails commonly paired in a line forming a track in which locomotives run on

3. Terrain: A tract of land especially as considered with reference to its natural features.

Sentences

1. The first transcontinental railroad was known originally as “The Pacific Railroad.”

2. The construction and operation of the line was authorized by the Pacific Railroad acts of 1862 and 1864 during the American Civil War.

3. The construction workers building the railroad had to cut down any rough terrain in their way.

Facts & Details

1. The Transcontinental Railroad was basically the internet of the nineteenth century

2. The Transcontinental Railroad was the start of the Industrial Revolution of America

3. The Railroad was also used for transporting goods and commerce to the west from the east

3 Questions

1. Who introduced the first plan for an American transcontinental railroad to the Congress? A: Asa Whitney introduced the railroad to congress in 1845

2. What did the new railroad tracks replace in the American landscape? A: The wagon Tracks on the Oregon and Santa Fe Trails

3. How long and how much money did it take to travel by trail from Omaha to San Francisco in 1870? A: 65 dollars

Images

Sites

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Transcontinental_Railroad

2. http://www.tcrr.com 

3. http://www.history.com/videos/transcontinental-railroad#transcontinental-railroad

3 x 6 fugitive Slave Act of 1850

Vocabulary

1. Fugitive: Haven taken flight or run away

2. Abolitionist: Especially prior to the Civil War a person who advocated or supported the abolition of slaves in the U.S

3. Affidavit: a written declaration upon oath made before n authorized official.

Sentences

1. The fugitive slave act claimed that all runaway slaves would be returned to their masters; this law was passed because they were trying to avoid war.

2. The abolitionists nicknamed the Fugitive Slave Act the “Bloodhound Law” because they would use dogs to track down the runaway slaves.

3. Slave owners to needed to supply an affidavit to a Federal Marshall to capture an escaped slave.

Facts & Details

1. After a few months after the fugitive slave act, 3,000 slaves flooded across the northern border, they called the North, Freedoms land

2. Over the next ten years, over 40,000 black Americans would move there

3. Most of the slaves were fugitive, but some were free who flee because they had no right under the law to a jury trial or to testify in their own defense

Questions

1. What did the new Fugitive Slave Act of 1850 proclaim? A: That all slaves that have run away were to be returned to their owners

2. What were some of the punishments and rewards associated with the Fugitive Slave Act? A: the law made any Federal Marshall or another official who did not catch a runaway slave would be liable to a fee of 1,000 dollars, A free slave could not ask for a jury trial or testify in his or hers beliefs

3. Summarize Henry Clay’s Compromise of 1850: Henry Clay was looking for a solution over the dispute of slavery in 1850. Henry wanted to keep the Union together. Henry pointed out the issues: There was a vast new territory of land in New Mexico, Texas, and Arizona. There was a whole lot of new land in California because of the 1849 Gold Rush. And finally, there were slaves aloud in Washington D.C and it was the number one slave market in the country. In 1850, Clay proposed the compromise which created that balance of equal power on each side.

Images

Sites

1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fugitive_Slave_Act_of_1850

2. http://video.pbs.org/video/2185956008/ 

3. http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aia/part4/4p2951.html